Exosomes are minuscule, ranging from 30 to 150 nanometers in size. They are produced and released by nearly all types of cells and contain various biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. As natural carriers of this molecular cargo, exosomes play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication, influencing various physiological and pathological processes.

In therapeutics, exosomes offer a new horizon in targeted drug delivery. Their ability to naturally home to specific cells allows for the delivery of therapeutic agents directly to the affected area, minimizing side effects. In regenerative medicine, exosomes from stem cells are being explored for their potential in tissue regeneration, wound healing, and inflammatory diseases. The field of gene therapy is also looking at exosomes as a means to deliver genetic material safely and effectively.